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20080713, Article, 高雄

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20080713, Article, 高雄

文章Alice Chen » 週四 7月 10, 2008 12:55 pm

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Time:高雄第22次例會,2008年7月13日(週日)下午16:00~18:00
Place:
viewtopic.php?t=15



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16:00 ~16:45(Free Talks)
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Topic: Tenerife crash. March 27th, 1977

Source:
http://www.1001crash.com/index-page-tenerife-lg-2-numpage-6.html

In the World's worst civil aviation disaster, 583 people were killed or mortally injured on March 27 when two Boeing 747 jumbo jets collided on the runway at Los Rodeos airport, Tenerife (in the Canary Islands).
Canary islands are located in the Atlantic ocean, in front of Africa, between 27° and 29° north latitude, and between 13° and 18° west longitude. They are volcanic islands. Tenerife is in the middle of the archipelago and is 81 km long and 45 km wide.

The PanAm Boeing 747-121 is on a charter passenger flight from Los-Angeles to Las Palmas for 8 hours. 396 people are onboard (including 16 crew members). The captain is quite angry: he did not get the clearance to land on Las Palmas: a bomb has exploded in the airport 2 hours ago, and the airport is closed for reparation. The 747 is requested to divert to Tenerife, 70 km far from Las Palmas. The Captain and the passengers are unhappy, but they don’t have the choice.

At 14h15 GMT, PanAm flight 1736 is on final approach on runway 30. It lands on Los Rodeos airport (Tenerife) uneventfully, but the captain notices the traffic jams on the airport. A lot of aircraft, including a 747-206B from KLM, have already landed here following the Las Palmas airport closure. The small Tenerife airport is saturated.

The PanAm 747 is requested to park at the fourth place behind the KLM 747. This KLM aircraft is also a charter flight (KLM 4805). It has landed 45 minutes ago, with 248 people onboard (including 14 crew members). The Captain is nervous: it is forbidden for the crew to exceed their hours quotas; Dutch regulation is very strict. If he does not take-off quickly, he and KLM could be in serious trouble.

At 14h30 GMT, good news: the Tenerife control tower informs all grounded aircraft that the Las Palmas airport has just re-opened. The controller says to the Panam captain that he could speed-up his take-off if he taxis just behind the KLM 747. The Panam captain accepts.




Threatening weather is approaching: a heavy fog will soon cover the airport. The visibility rapidly decreases down to a few hundred meters (300 feet). At 16h51, the KLM 747 is cleared to start the engines. At 16h52, the Panam 747 requests to start its engines. The control tower answers:

16:52 (Ténérife control tower) - PanAm 1736, you are cleared to start. Report ready for taxi. For your information, you will have to backtrack behind the other 747 and leave the runway third taxiway to your left.
Both 747 will, therefore, backtrack the 3400 meters (11 000 feet) runway at low speed. The KLM one shall taxi to the end of the runway, half-turn and report ready for take-off. The PanAm one shall exit the runway at the third taxiway in order to let the KLM aircraft take-off. This procedure is the easiest one considering the heavy traffic on the airport.

At 16h55, the Dutch 747 reaches the runway. The American 747 a few hundred meters behind, on the runway. The fog is becoming denser: the 747s can not see each other, and the controller does not see them anymore. The visibility is less than 200 meters. 

17 :01 :57 (PanAm first officer) – Tenerife the Clipper one seven three six.
17 :02 :01 (Ténérife control tower) – Clipper one seven three six Tenerife.
17 :02 :03 (PanAm first officer) – Ah. We were instructed to contact you and also to taxi down the runway, is that correct?
17 :02 :08 (Ténérife control tower) – Affirmative, taxi into the runway and -ah leave the runway third, third to your left.
17 :02 :16 (PanAm first officer) – Third to the left, OK.
 The background conversation in the control tower make the comprehension difficult for the crew.

 17 :02 :18 (Mecanician) – Third he said?
17 :02 :19 (Captain) – Three?
17 :02 :21 (Ténérife control tower) – -ird one to your left.
17 :02 :22 (Captain) – I think he said first.
17 :02 :26 (First officer) – I'll ask him again.
17 :02 :32 (First officer) – Left turn.
17 :02 :33 (Captain) – I don't think they have take-off minimums anywhere right now.

17 :02 :39 (Captain) – What really happened over there today?
17 :02 :41 (PanAm employee) – They put a bomb (in) the terminal, Sir, right where the check-in counters are.
17 :02 :46 (Captain) – Well we asked them if we could hold and -uh- I guess you got the word, we landed here.

The controller talks now the KLM jumbo.
17 :02 :50 (Ténérife control tower to KLM 747) – KLM four eight zero five how many taxiway -ah- did you pass ?
17 :02 :55 (KLM 4805) – I think we just passed charlie four (fourth one) now.

17 :02 :59 (Ténérife control tower) – O.K. ... at the end of the runway make one eighty and report -ah- ready -ah- for ATC clearance.
  Both aircraft are still backtracking the runway, But the PanAm 747 is lost because of the fog. It is very difficult to see the exit taxiways. The control tower has confirmed before that it must exit at the third one.
17 :03 :48 (Ténérife control tower) – ...er seven one three six report leaving the runway.

17 :04 :59 (Ténérife control tower) – -m eight seven zero five and clipper one seven ... three six, for your information, the centre line lighting is out of service.
One more bad news. Moreover, the PanAm 747 crew has just passed the third taxiway without seeing it. They saw the first one, they missed the second one, and they are now passing the third one thinking it is the second one. They are going to the fourth one.

At the same time, the dutch 747 finishes the runway backtracking and is performing the half-turn. The fog slightly dissipates and the visibility reaches 700 meters. The KLM captain does not want to miss this oppotunity.
17 :05 :45 (First officer to the control tower) – Uh, the KLM ... four eight zero five is now ready for take-off ... uh and we're waiting for our ATC clearance.

17 :05 :53 (Ténérife control tower) – KLM eight seven zero five uh you are cleared to the Papa Beacon climb to and maintain flight level nine zero right turn after take-off proceed with heading zero four zero until intercepting the three two five radial from Las Palmas VOR.
17 :06 :09 (KLM first officer) – Ah roger, sir, we're cleared to the Papa Beacon flight level nine zero, right turn out zero four zero until intercepting the three two five and we're now (at take-off ??).

The 747 gets the clearance, but is not allowed to take off yet. However, the captain, on a hurry, start increasing throttle. He forgot that another aircraft is still taxiing on the runway. The stressful situation is probably on of the cause.
17 :06 :13 (Captain) : We gaan. (We're going)
17 :06 :19 (Ténérife control tower) : OK
At the same time, the Panam first officer is talking :
17 :06 :19 (PanAm first officer) : No .. eh...
The controller has a serious doubt. He reminds the KLM captain that he is not allowed to take-off.

17 :06 :20 (Ténérife control tower) : Stand by for take-off, I will call you.
17 :06 :20 (PanAm first officer) : And we're still taxiing down the runway, the clipper one seven three six.
The two last messages have been said at the same time. Consequently, they are heared as a long 4 seconds shrill noise. The KLM 747 speed increases. 1500 meters further, the PanAm 747 is still taxiing on the runway.

17 :06 :25 (Ténérife control tower to the PanAm 747) - Roger alpha one seven three six report when runway clear
17 :06 :29 (PanAm first officer) - OK, we'll report when we're clear
17 :06 :30 (Ténérife control tower) - Thank you
The KLM captain does not react. Maybe, he understood that that PanAm 747 has just cleared the runway.
17 :06 :32 (KLM first officer) – Is hij er niet af dan? {Is he not clear then?}

17 :06 :34 (KLM captain) – Wat zeg je? {What do you say?}
17 :06 :35 (KLM first officer) – EstIs hij er niet af, die Pan American? {Is he not clear that Pan American?}
17 :06 :36 (Angry KLM captain) – Jawel. {Oh yes. - emphatic}
At the same time, the PanAm jumbo arrives at the fourth taxiway. Sunddenly, the PanAm captain sees the landing lights of KLM Boeing at approximatively 700 meters in the fog.
17 :06 :41 (PanAm captain) – (screaming) He’s coming… look… this son of b**** is coming

17 :06 :41 (PanAm first officer)  - (screaming)

The PanAm crew set full throttle to leave as soon as possible the runway. But it is too late. The KLM captain sees the PanAm jumbo on the runway.
17 :06 :47 (KLM captain) – Oh shit
The dutch 747 speed is more than 270 km/h. The captain set full back stick on order to take off an pass abover the other 747. The nose climb, the tail strike the runway making sparks. The aircraft climb from 1 meter, but it is not enough.

Both 350 tonnes giants collide. The forward landing gear wheels strike the right side of the PanAm 747, tearing the fuselage. The left wing cut the vertical stabilizer at the rudder level. Passenger can see partitions opening, ceiling disappearing and floor collapsing. Right wing fuel tanks are torn and the fuel start igniting.
The KLM 747 climbs slightly but it is completely dislocated and it crashes. There is no survivor.

In the PanAm 747, a few people escape from the burning plane. 64 people (including the captain all the people who were in flight deck) survived, out of 396. The heat produced by the fire dissipates the fog 1 kilometer around the crash scene.
In this crash, 583 people were killed. 64 people survived.


Vocabulary:

Questions:
1. On your opinion, what is the main reason which caused the accident?
According to the radio record, all of them made mistakes. Do you think which mistake led the accident happen?
2. Imaging you are the survivor or the witness of the accident. How do you feel after experiencing it?
3. There are series of events caused the accident. Please discuss how to avoid it?



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Alice Chen
 
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